ELEVEN STATES · 24,552 TRACKED ACQUISITIONS · 2010–2026

This is not just a Virginia problem.

Harbor tracks ownership drain in Virginia, where 77-82% of companies that sell go to out-of-state buyers. So we pulled ten more states to check. Every one of them loses at least three of every four. Virginia ranks second best.

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SECTION 01 · THE SPREAD

Eleven states. One direction.

Ranked by out-of-state acquisition rate, 2010 through July 2026. The best performer in the panel keeps one selling company in four. The worst keeps one in twenty-seven.

OUT-OF-STATE ACQUISITION RATE BY STATE
NEW YORK
74.8%N=5,783
VIRGINIA
WHERE WE STARTED
78.0%N=2,211
ILLINOIS
79.4%N=3,827
PENNSYLVANIA
83.9%N=3,325
WEST VIRGINIA
84.6%N=149
GEORGIA
85.1%N=2,751
NORTH CAROLINA
86.0%N=2,264
TENNESSEE
86.8%N=1,549
MARYLAND
89.1%N=1,480
SOUTH CAROLINA
90.6%N=866
DELAWARE
96.3%N=347
0%25%50%75%100%
Max value shown: 96.3%
POOLED OUT-OF-STATE RATE
81.7%
SHARE OF DISCLOSED DEAL VALUE
86.6%
LEAVING THE COUNTRY ENTIRELY
10.7%
SECTION 02 · THE TREND

Sixteen years. No mean reversion.

Pooled across the panel, the out-of-state share has never left the high seventies to low eighties. It is drifting up, not down: the last four full years averaged 83.6% against 80.8% for the prior twelve. Nine of the eleven states ran above their own long-run average in 2022 through 2025.

POOLED ANNUAL DEAL VOLUME & OUT-OF-STATE SHARE
2026 IS PARTIAL: JANUARY THROUGH JULY.
EVERY STATE, EVERY YEAR
NEW YORK
74.8%N=5,783
VIRGINIA
78.0%N=2,211
ILLINOIS
79.4%N=3,827
PENNSYLVANIA
83.9%N=3,325
WEST VIRGINIA
84.6%N=149
GEORGIA
85.1%N=2,751
NORTH CAROLINA
86.0%N=2,264
TENNESSEE
86.8%N=1,549
MARYLAND
89.1%N=1,480
SOUTH CAROLINA
90.6%N=866
DELAWARE
96.3%N=347
WEST VIRGINIA (N=149) AND DELAWARE (N=347) CARRY SMALL ANNUAL SAMPLES; YEAR-TO-YEAR SWINGS THERE ARE NOISE, THE LEVELS ARE NOT.
SECTION 03 · THE HUBS

Everyone drains to the same places.

Five states absorb 45% of every out-of-state domestic deal in the panel: California, New York, Texas, Florida, and Illinois. Another 2,627 deals, one in ten, leave the country entirely. Canada and the United Kingdom lead.

WHERE THE PANEL'S COMPANIES GO
DEAL COUNT
PANEL STATE (SELL SIDE TRACKED)
TOP ACQUIRER STATES
01
California
2,214
02
New York
1,683
03
Texas
1,584
04
Florida
1,203
05
Illinois
1,194
06
Massachusetts
870
07
Ohio
698
08
Pennsylvania
673
09
Georgia
665
10
New Jersey
604
INTERNATIONAL · 2,627 DEALS
Canada623
United Kingdom524
France203
Germany143
Ireland133
Sweden121
SECTION 04 · THE FLOW

Even the buyers are sellers.

Within the panel, only New York and Illinois buy more companies from the other ten states than they lose to them. It does not protect them. New York still loses 74.8% of its own sellers. Illinois loses 79.4%. Ownership does not pool anywhere in the panel. It passes through.

NET OWNERSHIP FLOW WITHIN THE PANEL
NEW YORK
BOUGHT 1683 · LOST 855
+828
ILLINOIS
BOUGHT 1194 · LOST 851
+343
WEST VIRGINIA
BOUGHT 26 · LOST 63
-37
DELAWARE
BOUGHT 51 · LOST 110
-59
GEORGIA
BOUGHT 665 · LOST 756
-91
VIRGINIA
BOUGHT 532 · LOST 649
-117
NORTH CAROLINA
BOUGHT 528 · LOST 655
-127
MARYLAND
BOUGHT 365 · LOST 510
-145
TENNESSEE
BOUGHT 316 · LOST 482
-166
SOUTH CAROLINA
BOUGHT 129 · LOST 320
-191
PENNSYLVANIA
BOUGHT 673 · LOST 911
-238
← NET SELLERNET BUYER →

NET POSITION COUNTS ONLY DEALS BETWEEN THE ELEVEN PANEL STATES: 6,162 OF THE 17,422 OUT-OF-STATE DOMESTIC DEALS. FLOWS TO THE OTHER THIRTY-NINE STATES AND ABROAD ARE NOT NETTED HERE.

SECTION 05 · THE MECHANISM

The roll-up is national.

72.9% of all deals in the panel are add-on acquisitions: companies absorbed into someone else's platform. No state falls below 68%. This is not local firms merging with local firms. It is a conveyor.

TRANSACTION TYPE COMPOSITION · POOLED
ADD-ON ACQUISITION
72.9%
N=17,895
DIVESTITURE
11.1%
N=2,731
BUYOUT (LBO, MBO, MBI)
8.5%
N=2,093
SECONDARY BUYOUT
5.8%
N=1,422
CONSOLIDATION
1%
N=234
SPECIAL SITUATIONS/DISTRESSED
0.3%
N=85
MERGER
0.3%
N=77
GOING PRIVATE
0.1%
N=15
THE ALTERNATIVE

Every state has the drain. Almost none has an answer. Harbor holds Virginia operating businesses permanently.

No fund clock. No exit timeline. No out-of-state extraction. Virginia sits near the top of this panel and still loses 77% of its selling companies. The other ten lose more. The model that keeps ownership local is proven and portable. So far it exists in one state.

harbor.capital →LOCAL BUSINESSES IN LOCAL HANDS.